Healthcare (Commonwealth Union) – Depression is a pervasive and complex mental health disorder that affects millions worldwide. Characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities previously enjoyed, depression can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life, relationships, and overall functioning.
The exact causes of depression is often been speculated by researchers, to be linked to a variety of factors, which it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Neurotransmitter imbalances, particularly in serotonin and dopamine, are thought to play a significant role in the development of depression, as these chemicals are crucial for regulating mood, emotions, and cognitive processes.
Environmental factors, such as traumatic life events, chronic stress, and social isolation, can also contribute to the onset of depression. Additionally, individuals with a family history of the disorder are at a higher risk, suggesting a genetic component.
Symptoms of depression can vary widely among individuals but generally include persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety, irritability, fatigue, changes in sleep and appetite, difficulty concentrating, and a lack of interest in previously enjoyed activities. In severe cases, depression may lead to thoughts of suicide or self-harm.
A 19-year study conducted at the University of Virginia is shedding light on factors that may cause some young adults to develop severe depression and anxiety.
The researchers discovered that teenagers who had difficulty forming and maintaining close friendships were more likely to experience negative emotions and a poor self-image between the ages of 27 and 32.
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, individuals who experience “negative affectivity” tend to suffer from heightened emotional distress, marked by frequent and intense negative feelings, such as hostility, along with symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Psychology professor Joseph Allen explained that the research team aimed to identify what might predict this outcome.
Professor Allen indicated that their assumption was that the quality of social relationships starting in adolescence would play a key role in understanding this.
The study tracked 169 individuals, beginning at age 13, through nearly annual reports from the participants themselves, as well as their parents and peers.
“We looked at their social relationship qualities as reported by other people, not just as they, the subjects, reported,” explained Professor Allen.
Allen’s Adolescence Research Lab has also uncovered findings indicating that poor-quality relationships not only impact mental health but also lead to diminished physical health. He indicated that they found these unhealthy relationships are linked to higher levels of inflammation and elevated blood pressure.
When it comes to the course of action that parents can take Professor Allen indicated that the most crucial thing is for them to recognize the importance of their teenagers’ relationship. He further stated that teens view their friendships as nearly life-or-death matters.
Adults frequently downplay these emotions, but Allen’s research demonstrates that teenagers are not exaggerating their feelings.
“Teenagers implicitly sense these relationships are going to be crucial to their future well-being,” Professor Allen stressed. “So, recognizing when there’s distress, that’s important and needs to be taken seriously rather than just written off as adolescent angst.”
Researchers further indicated that for teens facing challenges, seeking counseling is a key step. Parents should also motivate their teens to get involved in group activities, such as sports, youth groups at church, or theater groups.
“Waiting and ignoring relationship problems is never going to be a good idea,” said Professor Allen.
The study titled “Pathways from Adolescent Close Friendship Struggles to Adult Negative Affectivity” has been published in the journal Development and Psychology.
Depression is a complex and multifaceted mental health issue that requires a comprehensive approach to treatment. By understanding its causes, recognizing its symptoms, and seeking appropriate care, individuals can take steps towards managing this condition and reclaiming their mental health.
