Thailand and India have enjoyed a longstanding and dynamic relationship that has spanned centuries and is shaped by a rich tapestry of cultural, economic, and diplomatic exchanges. The bond between the two nations, which dates back over 2,500 years, has evolved from the early spread of religious and cultural influences to a modern-day partnership that thrives on mutual respect and collaboration.
The cultural connection between India and Thailand is deeply rooted in the influence of Indian civilization, particularly through the introduction of Buddhism during the reign of Emperor Ashoka. This early religious exchange profoundly impacted Thai culture, art, and architecture. The Thai language itself incorporates numerous Sanskrit terms, reflecting India’s significant linguistic contribution. Elements of Indian epics such as the Ramayana can be found in Thai classical dance and literature, further underscoring the historical depth of the cultural ties between the two nations. A notable moment in the relationship came in 1917 when Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore, a Nobel laureate, visited Thailand, fostering greater collaboration between the two countries. In 1957, Thailand commemorated the 2,500th anniversary of Buddhism by constructing Wat Thai Buddhagaya in Bodh Gaya, India, as a symbol of shared religious heritage and cultural exchange. Additionally, the Thai-Indian community in Thailand, numbering approximately 150,000, continues to play an essential role in sustaining these enduring connections.
Economically, the partnership between India and Thailand has strengthened considerably in recent decades, driven by complementary interests and regional cooperation. Bilateral trade between the two countries reached $17.7 billion in 2021, with Thailand exporting goods worth $8.1 billion and importing $9.6 billion from India. Both nations aim to increase trade to $35 billion by 2025. India is Thailand’s largest trading partner in South Asia, and the exchange spans a wide range of sectors, including automobiles, machinery, jewelry, and chemicals. Thailand is a key importer of Indian automobiles, while India plays a vital role as a supplier of pharmaceuticals and textiles to Thailand. Investment flows between the two nations are equally robust, with Indian businesses investing over $2 billion in Thailand across sectors such as information technology, hospitality, and consumer goods. Conversely, Thai companies like CP Group and Dusit Thani have expanded into India’s vast market, particularly in food processing and hospitality.
On the political front, Thailand and India continue to collaborate closely on key global issues, leveraging platforms such as ASEAN, BIMSTEC, and the United Nations. India plays an essential role in Thailand’s Indo-Pacific strategy, contributing to shared interests in maritime security and economic connectivity. In 2024, during the 10th Joint Commission for Bilateral Cooperation, both countries reaffirmed their commitment to cooperation in areas including defense, cybersecurity, space technology, and military industries. India’s provision of advanced military equipment to Thailand further strengthens the latter’s defense capabilities, underscoring the strategic importance of their partnership.
As India continues to grow politically and economically, it is increasingly seen as a critical player on the global stage, offering vast opportunities for investment and business expansion. With a population exceeding 1.4 billion, India’s economic influence in Asia and beyond is undeniable. The close ties between Thailand and India, rooted in centuries of shared history and mutual interests, continue to evolve and hold promise for a prosperous future.
