Canada’s incoming government, under Prime Minister Mark Carney, is advancing a bold revision of its immigration policy, signalling a shift from volume to control and alignment with national capacity. In the wake of record admissions, the strategy lays out a more restrained and selective approach, emphasising sustainability and system integrity.
During his campaign and since taking office, Carney has repeatedly described previous immigration levels as “unsustainable”. According to published plans, the target for new permanent residents has been lowered, with ceilings of 395 000 in 2025, 380 000 in 2026 and 365 000 in 2027. At the same time, the government intends to reduce the number of temporary migrants and international students, currently at historically high levels, to less than five percent of the total population by 2027.
A central pillar of the strategy is aligning intake with labour market needs, housing capacity, and community infrastructure. Critics raise concerns, however, that tightening entry might hamper Canada’s ability to draw skilled talent in an increasingly competitive global market. Others warn of unintended consequences for demographic growth and economic vitality if immigration falls too sharply.
Crucially, the government also proposes stronger enforcement at the border and a tougher legislative framework. Among the measures under consideration are expanded grounds for refugee-protection ineligibility, stricter rules for those in Canada for more than a year, and enhanced powers for immigration and border-security agencies. Advocates contend that such reforms will promote fairness within the system, deter possible abuse, and safeguard public services. Meanwhile, human rights advocates warn the proposals could undermine the protections for asylum claimants and commitments to international standards Canada is bound by.
Carney’s immigration policy strategy is as follows. It involves the following key steps: curbing intake, ensuring migration is congruent with the nation’s capacity while also dealing with integrity issues with the immigration system. The challenge for the government will be to balance openness and competitiveness so it can remain attractive internationally while also addressing domestic concerns regarding housing, services, and community cohesion. This assessment will also undoubtedly occur domestically and internationally.
Carney’s challenge now is to balance compassion with control. If successful, his recalibration could set a new global benchmark for managing migration amid housing strains and shifting public mood.
