Healthcare (Commonwealth Union) – Atmospheric pollution has become a pressing concern in recent years, as scientific evidence increasingly points to its detrimental effects on human health.
The health implications of air pollution are far-reaching and can affect individuals of all ages. One of the most immediate consequences is respiratory distress. Pollutants like particulate matter and nitrogen oxides can irritate the airways, exacerbating conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema. Studies have shown that even short-term exposure to high levels of air pollution can trigger asthma attacks and increase hospital admissions for respiratory issues.
Moreover, atmospheric pollution has been linked to cardiovascular problems. Fine particulate matter, which can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, is associated with an increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, and heart disease. Research suggests that long-term exposure to air pollution may also contribute to the development of hypertension and atherosclerosis, both significant risk factors for cardiovascular events.
Australian scientists have uncovered vital new insights into how microbes absorb vast amounts of carbon monoxide (CO), playing a key role in reducing this toxic gas in the atmosphere.
Each year, over two billion tonnes of CO are emitted worldwide. Microbes help mitigate this by consuming approximately 250 million tonnes, bringing levels down to safer thresholds.
Led by Monash University, the study—published in Nature Chemical Biology—delves into the molecular mechanics of this process. Researchers discovered that microbes utilize a specialized enzyme, CO dehydrogenase, to harness energy from this omnipresent yet hazardous gas.
Co-first author Ashleigh Kropp, from the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute’s (BDI) Greening Lab and the University of Melbourne’s Grinter Lab, emphasized that this study is the first to reveal how the enzyme directly extracts atmospheric CO to fuel microbial cells.
“This enzyme is used by trillions of microbes in our soils and waters. These microbes consume CO for their own survival, but in the process inadvertently help us,” explained Ms Kropp.
Co-first author Dr. David Gillett, who conducted his PhD research in the Greening Lab, described this as a remarkable example of microbial adaptability—demonstrating how life has evolved to transform a harmful substance into a beneficial resource.
Dr. Gillett indicated that these microbes play a crucial role in purifying our atmosphere. He further indicated that counteracting air pollution—which claims millions of lives annually—and curbing CO’s contribution as an indirect greenhouse gas, they help mitigate both health risks and global warming.
Although this discovery may not be directly applied to controlling or tracking CO emissions, it enhances our understanding of atmospheric regulation and how it could adapt to future environmental changes.
Professor Chris Greening, co-senior author and head of BDI’s Global Change Program, emphasized that the findings underscore the vital role microbes play in the environment.
“Microbes play countless roles essential for both human and planetary health. Yet, because they’re invisible and often misunderstood, their contributions frequently go unnoticed,” he explained.
Ms Kropp emphasized the vital role microbes play in maintaining breathable air and these microorganisms are responsible for producing half of the oxygen we breathe and neutralizing various pollutants, including carbon monoxide. She further indicated that it is essential that we deepen our understanding and appreciation of how these tiny organisms contribute to our own survival.
Addressing atmospheric pollution requires a multi-faceted approach, involving both individual actions and collective efforts. On a personal level, we can reduce our contribution to air pollution by opting for cleaner modes of transportation, conserving energy.
Atmospheric pollution poses a significant threat to human health, with far-reaching consequences that affect nearly every system in our bodies. By understanding the risks associated with air pollution and taking proactive steps to mitigate its impact, we can work towards a cleaner, healthier future for all. The findings open up a key area to address environmental pollution.
