The year 2025 holds particular significance for Malaysia as the nation assumes the chair of ASEAN and commemorates seven decades of diplomatic relations with Australia. Defence cooperation remains a cornerstone of this relationship, reflecting Australia’s pivotal role in Malaysia’s history and security landscape. Malaysia views Australia as a reliable middle power attuned to the challenges faced by smaller nations, fostering a strong bond between the two countries.
The endurance of defence ties between Malaysia and Australia is deeply rooted in historical memory. Many Malaysians still recall the sacrifices of Australian soldiers who defended their territories during pivotal moments in history, such as the Second World War, the communist insurgencies of the 1950s, and the Indonesian Confrontation in the 1960s. These shared experiences have laid a solid foundation for their enduring partnership.
Despite the end of the Cold War, the defence relationship continues to thrive, particularly through the Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA). Established in 1971, the FPDA provides a consultative platform for Malaysia, Australia, Singapore, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom to address potential external threats to Malaysia and Singapore. Joint military exercises under the FPDA enhance interoperability and foster mutual understanding. Malaysian forces gain valuable operational and tactical skills from these exercises, benefiting from Australia’s extensive experience in multinational operations.
From Australia’s perspective, defence collaboration with Malaysia has strategic value. Initiatives such as Operation Gateway have provided Australia with a foothold in Southeast Asia, enabling it to monitor critical maritime routes. The continued presence of Australian troops and assets at the Royal Malaysian Air Force Base in Butterworth underscores the mutual trust underpinning this partnership.
Australia’s proximity to Southeast Asia enhances its credibility as a regional security partner. Malaysian defence officials appreciate Australia’s vested interest in regional stability, contrasting it favorably with external powers such as the United States. Australia’s consistent commitment to regional security further strengthens its position as a trusted ally. Understanding Malaysia’s strategic culture is crucial for Australia to advance defence cooperation. Malaysia’s preference for quiet diplomacy, especially in handling maritime disputes with China, reflects its measured approach to international relations. Unlike other claimants in the South China Sea, Malaysia’s restraint does not signify alignment with Beijing but rather underscores its distinctive strategy for managing external threats. Australian policymakers have earned respect for their restrained approach to China under Prime Minister Anthony Albanese and Foreign Minister Penny Wong, which aligns with Malaysia’s preference for stability and caution in the Indo-Pacific region.
Malaysia’s limited defence capabilities also shape its collaborative stance. Malaysia’s limited ability to address challenges like Chinese incursions stems from its aging naval fleet and constrained resources. Collaborative efforts with Australia to enhance Malaysia’s maritime defence—including technical training, human resource development, and improving radar coverage—would be mutually beneficial. Addressing blind spots in Malaysia’s coastal monitoring systems could bolster its maritime security and strengthen regional stability. Public engagement could further solidify defence ties. Initiatives such as hosting ANZAC Day commemorations and FPDA-related exhibitions at Malaysian educational institutions could raise awareness of the partnership’s significance. Highlighting successful joint operations, such as Orkim Harmony and Operation Redback, through media and social platforms could foster greater public support and understanding.
However, challenges to deepening this relationship remain. Diverging views on international conflicts, such as the Israel-Palestine issue, could strain bilateral ties. Malaysia’s stance under Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim emphasizes its alignment with Hamas, while Australia’s position is more sympathetic to Israel. Such differences could influence future collaborations. Additionally, Malaysia harbors concern about expanding the FPDA’s scope, fearing it may provoke China. Australian policymakers must navigate these sensitivities with caution to preserve the arrangement’s original intent without exacerbating regional tensions.
In an increasingly uncertain world, the defence relationship between Malaysia and Australia requires careful maintenance and periodic reaffirmation. By fostering mutual respect, addressing shared challenges, and adapting to evolving geopolitical dynamics, both nations can ensure the continued success of this vital partnership.
