conform to the new environmental norms and laws but would also leave the least possible carbon footprints. One of the major primary data of greenhouse effect (GHG) emissions to the world’s seas is the worldwide shipping sector. The amount of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the seas rises as a result of these emissions. This then causes the oceans to become more acidic. A worldwide framework has been created by the International Marine Organization (IMO) to increase maritime energy efficiency, including aboard ships. However, because the majority of ships are registered in underdeveloped nations, they might not be able to follow IMO regulations. As a crucial strategy in the battle against climate change, the international community must assist these nations in developing the capacity to increase the energy efficiency of their ships. One strategy for lowering emissions is to construct lighter ships. By replacing steel with composite materials like fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP), for instance, a ship’s weight and fuel consumption should be reduced. The future of the shipping industry is reportedly LNG fuel for propulsion. LNG fuel reduces air pollution from ships, and using LNG fuel in conjunction with diesel oil will improve engine efficiency and save fuel. Another technology is Advanced Rudder and Propeller System. The fuel consumption may be cut by up to 4% with a well-designed propeller and streamlined rudder system, resulting in lower emissions. Modern propeller and rudder designs have been created to increase the speed of the vessel while also consuming less fuel. Another significant component that may raise a ship’s emissions and therefore its fuel consumption is hull paint, which enhances the hull’s characteristics. A ship’s frictional resistance may be reduced by applying the right paint to the right hull region, which can save 3-8% on fuel. Reduced flow resistance can be achieved by optimizing the pipes, coolers, and pumps that make up the cooling water system. This will result in fuel usage decreasing by up to 1.5% and the ship’s electric power consumption by up to 20%. Approximately 2.5% of the world’s emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) are attributable to industry. Despite the fact that shipping products is less ecologically harmful than making the same trip by land or air, reform is necessary due to the size of the global shipping industry.
