Health UK (Commonwealth Union) – Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex and multifaceted neurodevelopmental disorder that affects millions of individuals worldwide. With continued research, increased awareness, and a holistic approach to diagnosis and treatment, there is hope for improving the lives of those with ADHD and fostering a more inclusive and understanding society. ADHD may pose challenges, but with the right support and interventions, individuals can navigate its landscape and thrive in various aspects of their lives.
A groundbreaking study conducted by researchers at the University of Surrey has revealed the identification of numerous novel genes associated with conditions like ADHD. This discovery unveils a significant correlation between these disorders and the immune system, opening avenues for potential new treatments. The study, spearheaded by Dr. Matt Parker, also reaffirms the pivotal role of the ADGRL3 gene in conditions such as ADHD, providing scientists with a deeper understanding of its mechanisms.
In their pioneering investigation, Dr. Parker and his team focused on unraveling the mysteries of the ADGRL3 gene, known for its close association with ADHD and other ‘externalizing’ disorders that manifest in behaviors like substance abuse. This research not only confirmed the gene’s involvement but also pinpointed several additional genes linked to externalizing disorders. This breakthrough holds the promise of developing novel medications to mitigate the impact of these conditions on individuals, as indicated by researchers of the study.
“The high degree of heritability of externalising disorders, such as ADHD, has intensified the search to identify genes which cause such behaviours, which we hope will help develop targeted treatment options to alleviate their symptoms,” added Dr Matt Parker, a Senior Lecturer in Neuroscience and Sleep Science from the University of Surrey.
“It is important we do this as not only will it help individuals better manage their condition, but it may also help improve their life chances – for example an estimated 26 percent of prison inmates have ADHD.”
Utilizing zebrafish as a model organism, scientists capitalized on the fact that these creatures share 70 percent of their genes with humans, with 84 percent of these genes known to be associated with human diseases. Employing a behavioral task that gauges the fish’s capacity and inclination to ‘wait’ for a reward, researchers observed that zebrafish with the ADGRL3 gene edited out exhibited heightened levels of inattention and displayed increased impulsivity compared to wild-type fish possessing the normal functioning gene. Interestingly, these traits were more pronounced in male zebrafish lacking ADGRL3 compared to their female counterparts.
The use of zebrafish genes in research has proven to be a transformative approach, offering a unique window into the genetic underpinnings of human health and disease. As our understanding of zebrafish genetics advances, so too does our ability to unlock the mysteries of the human genome. The collaborative dance between zebrafish and human genetics holds promise for groundbreaking discoveries and innovative treatments in the realm of genetic medicine.
Remarkably, treatment with atomoxetine, a medication commonly used to address ADHD, completely reversed the observed impulsivity.
Subsequently, the team delved into the genetic distinctions within the brains of zebrafish with and without the ADGRL3 gene. Given that ADGRL3 plays a crucial role in nervous system development, its dysfunction is likely to have cascading effects. Intriguingly, the researchers unearthed evidence supporting the notion that the immune system plays a pivotal role in the development of ADHD and related disorders. They identified several genes and enriched gene clusters independent of drug treatment, shedding light on potential contributors to the behaviors associated with externalizing disorders.
“The discovery of these genes is very exciting as it demonstrates that there are more genes contributing to externalising disorders than we previously thought. Identification of such genes is potentially the first step in the development of new targeted medications to help patients better manage their symptoms,” explained Dr Parker.
The finding of the study appeared in the journal Translational Psychiatry.
